A Guide to Spectrum Analyzers

Among the more well known brands of spectrum analyzers include Agilent, Standford Research, Avcom, BK Precision, Advantest, California Instruments, IFR, Instek, Marconi, Noisecom, Protek, Aeroflex, Rohde & Schwarz, Wayne Kerr, Telecom, W & G Instruments, Dranetz, Hameg, Wavetek and Tektronix. But even if these are great brands and their manufacturers try to come up with the highest quality spectrum analyzer possible, eventually they will suffer from minor glitches to major problems.

Generally, a spectrum analyzer is a device that measures and analyzes signals throughout the electromagnetic spectrum. The analyzer divides into parts signal and splits them into an amplitude component and a frequency component. You can find a variety of spectrum analyzers in the market. You have the subaudio, audio, and radio-frequency analyzers. You can also find spectrum analyzers that are intended to measure microwave and optical signals.

Aside from the kind of signals it measures, a spectrum analyzer can also be divided into analog, digital or hybrid. Digital spectrum analyzers usually handle more complex analysis and are used mainly with Fast Fourier Transform or FFT. Digital analyzers are able to transform the electrical or optical signals into components that are much smaller and a lot simpler. The differences of each model can be traced on the bandwidth range, sweep rates, frequency, and resolution.

Even before you buy a spectrum analyzer it is truly important that you conduct a thorough research on the various models. Since these devices do not come cheap, it would be best to determine which one is right for your application. It is best to read and study the machine's features, images and specs and if possible conduct some trial tests with the spectrum analyzer to see if it is running and to see if it will be able to handle all your needs.

Meanwhile, when you start to notice that the measurements of your spectrum analyzer is way off that what it should be, you better bring your unit fin for recalibrations. You need to look for companies that perform calibrating, repairing and refurbishing of spectrum analyzers. There are several of them on the internet. And to ensure that you get the best service you should only rely on the services of experts. There are a couple of companies that comply with strict ISO 9001:2000 and ISO 17025 registration levels making them more than adept in performing repair works on your spectrum analyzers. When looking for such companies it is also best to study their turnaround policies and other services like 24-hour shipping of finished units.

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Killer Fever - Dengue

Dengue Homorrhagic Fever (DHF) or commonly known as dengue, is an acute febrile disease which are rampant in tropical region. This kind of fever is a life threathening illness that kills 3 out of 10 victims. This year alone, a record of dengue epidemic has been hightened in some of the Philippine islands that cause few of its cities in red alert status.

Dengue fever are caused by four related viruses which are all came from Flavivirus family. Dengue fever is an extremely painful disease that is why it is also called the breakbone fever. Tropical countries which has high incidents of dengue are Philippines, Argentina, Bangladesh, Brazil, Cambodia, Vietnam, China, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Laos, Singapore, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela.

Dengue outbreak usually occurs in urban areas and there is minimal cases recorded in rural places. Each virus strands is transmitted to humans by the Aedes Aegypti or more commonly known as Aedes Albopictus mosquito. These mosquito carriers only feeds in daytime and mostly low flying types of mosquitos.

World Health Organization says that over 2.5 billion people are at risk of this infectious disease and over 50 million estimate number of cases each year. The disease is now considered endemic in over 100 countries.

The first symptom of dengue is the manifestation of sudden fever together with severe headache, muscle-joint pains and rashes. However, rashes can occur after a few days of fever and when it does, it usually found on the lower limbs and chest. Other symptoms includes abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, gastritis, diarrhea and other viral infection symptoms.

Dengue fever will make your platelet count drop until the temperature is back to normal. Other cases of this type of fever include bleeding from the eyes, nose, mouth and ear into the gut. Some pours out blood from skin pores.

Below are some of the guidelines on how to prevent dengue in your local places.

- Take out all mosquito breeding places. Places like flower base, garage and all possible stagnant water storage.

- Apply anti-mosquito lotion on exposed skin.

- Wear light colored clothes. Mosquitos are allergic to light colored clothes because there are much more visible on this types of colors.

- Clean your surroundings and backyard. Cleanliness is the first step towards disease prevention.

- Aedes mosquitos feed only in daylight. Avoid mosquito contact at daylight as much as possible.

How to treat dengue fever? If you were diagnosed with these symptoms, rush to the nearest hospital for immediate medical treatment. Dengue post circulatory shock which are cost by internal bleeding. Vital signs must be monitored at all times. Increased oral fluid intake is a must to prevent dehydration. A platelet transfusion may be necessary if the platelet levels drops significantly. Other cases needed red blood cell transfusion because of gastrointestinal bleeding.

If dengue is first suspected as a fever, a regular paracetamol treatment is just normal to lower the temperature down. If the fever lasts 3 days and other symptoms occur, rush the patient to the nearest hospital.

Dengue is a serious disease and should be treated immediately and properly. We must take actions to our surroundings and find those possible breeding places of mosquitos. It really helps in containing dengue carrier mosquitos from multiplying. Make sure to follow these tips on how to avoid dengue disease as much as possible.




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Insurance Settlement Negotiation

The process of negotiating for a settlement- whether it be for an injury, car crash or malpractice - is essentially the same. Motorcycle accidents often cause horrible personal injury cases, but they follow the same pattern. Once you submit a demand letter the next step is negotiation.

Before the negotiation begins, you must submit a demand letter tot he insurance companies laying out your claim with supporting evidence. If you are lucky then the next step is just a few calls with your insurance company and your personal injury lawyer. These insurance companies negotiate like this all the time so it is no sweat for them. Treat it like a business deal as emotionless as possible to stay on your senses.

In the call, you and the adjuster will argue by going over the strong and weak points of each side's proposal. The adjuster's job is to low-ball you with a settlement lower than the one in your demand letter. Your job is to counter with an offer in between the demand price and the adjuster's offer. If you get a reservation of rights letter, it does not necessarily mean you have to run off to the best Denver injury attorney you can find. This is just a letter that protects the insurance company by saying that entering into negotiations does not necessarily mean that they will pay or are liable.

Your best protection from a insurance adjuster is preparation. You want to go into the negotiations with a figure in mind of the minimum you will accept. You do not tell the adjuster this number, but you will use it to help determine what you do in the negotiations. If they start off with a number already near your minimum that is good news and you can try to adjust that number to get more. If they point out some holes in your case that might make it hard to argue in court, you and your Denver accident attorney may have to revise downward.

Nerves of steel are not required, but self control is. Do not just jump at the first offer because it is probably just a ploy to see how little it will take to placate you. If you were involved in a serious Denver personal injury case, you need to stay strong in negotiations, because once the settlement is over the case can never be re-opened. You want to stay emotionless, but emphasize emotional points that would be likely to get a jury crying to open the defendant's pocketbook.

If the adjuster gives you a low but not unreasonable offer- go forward with negotiations. If the offer is completely unreasonable they are probably just testing you so ask why it is so low and go over every point they give on why. Once you have reached a agreeable number, put that into writing with a letter to the insurance company stating the amount, what that amount covers and when you expect payment.

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Malignant Mesothelioma

Various cells and nerves are responsible for building our entire body system, they being in fact a network through which organs communicate in order to maintain themselves functionally.

When something unnatural happens, something like having difficulty in breathing, for instance, it is a sign that there is something wrong with your lungs, that everything that relates to them have met something that does not let them function normally. It can also be the mesothelium which is affected, the protective layer that covers the lungs allowing them to operate their normal course.

When the mesothelium is affected, it means that something from outside got stuck to it affecting the cells, therefore this protective layer will work to get rid of the evil 'something' from outside. This thing can be just about anything, but when it comes to mesothelioma disease this is definitely related to mineral asbestos.

The result will indicate the mesothelioma or malignant mesothelioma. As long as the mesothelium is part of almost any organ, mesothelioma can originate in any part of the body system. The most commonly met however is the pleural mesothelioma, the disease that affects the pleura - the membrane that covers the lungs and the chest cavity.

This type of disease is commonly referred to asbestos cancer mesothelioma. The inhalation of fibers and dust particles present inside the asbestos powder is the generating cause of the disease. Another form of malignant mesothelioma is the peritoneal mesothelioma that is localized in the abdomen and its cavity.

This one is the second type that is met with this disease. The period that it takes for this disease to manifest at its fullest varies from one case to another, but generally a patient to suffer from this disease is detected mostly in the late stage of the disease. At that time the chances for survival are rather slim.

An advanced level of this condition can lead to pericardial mesothelioma which means that the lining of the heart is attacked as well. The symptoms of malignant mesothelioma are related to shortness in breathing and pain while breathing. The patient won't be able to do the daily tasks experiencing fatigue most of the time.

Another symptom is dry coughing and if the doctor can detect the disease in its early stages then it can be treated through the three ways available - surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Unfortunately, the disease can not be detected in its early stages and that is what makes the patients succumb shortly after it is discovered. The fact is that many times an early detection is almost impossible as the patient doesn't present any symptom that can lead to the detection of the malignant mesothelioma.

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